Ibiza: Life cycle and Evolution as a Tourist destination
Abstract
The island of Ibiza is a second generation tourist destination that developed in the second half of the 20th century. According to previous studies, Ibiza would be in the stagnation or decline phase of the Tourism Area Life Cycle, because it combines elements of stagnation and decline. The objective of this paper is to carry out an exploratory study among businessmen and workers in the service sector of Ibiza on their perception in relation to various characteristics and changes that occurred in tourism during the years 2014 to 2018, characterized by record numbers of tourist arrivals and the development of a luxury supply with very high prices. A convenience sampling with quotas by sector (hotels, restaurants and other services) and municipality (Eivissa, Sant Antoni de Portmany and Santa Eulària des Riu) was carried out in December 2018, obtaining a total sample of 90 people. The perception of the changes that have taken place is mostly negative: there is a nostalgia for the past and they consider that the island has worsened in the last 50 years; the lack of connections in winter is a serious problem in the workplace; the behavior of tourists has changed a lot in the last 5 years; the price-quality ratio of the supply is not adequate; and it is not clear whether luxury tourism and the increase in 5-star hotels is positive.
References
Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(8), 1033-1046.
Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for
management of resources. The Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5-12.
Butler, R. W. (Ed.) (2006a). The Tourism Area Life Cycle (Vol. 1): Applications and Modifications. Channel View Publications.
Butler, R. W. (Ed.) (2006b). The Tourism Area Life Cycle (Vol. 2): Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Channel View Publications.
Camisón, C., & Monfort, V. (1998). Estrategias de reposicionamiento para destinos turísticos maduros: el caso de la Costa Blanca. Estudios Turísticos, 135, 5-28.
Ibestat (2020). Estadísticas. Institut d'Estadística de les Illes Balears. Consultado el 10 de abril de 2020 de http://ibestat.caib.es
INE (2020). Estadísticas. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Consultado el 10 de abril de 2020
de http://www.ine.es
Knowles, T., & Curtis, S. (1999). The market viability of European mass tourist destinations: A Post-Stagnation Life-Cycle Analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(2), 87-96.
Krendzelak, J. (2008). Tourism in Ibiza Island and its destination life cycle [Dissertation of Master]. University of Nottingham.
Maldonado, D. F., Moral, J., Quiroga, R., & Ramón, J. (2018). El turismo activo en las Pitiusas: una aproximación al marketing mix del sector. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 4(3), 149-165.
Pereira, P. (2020). Un estudio de la situación turística actual de Ibiza desde la perspectiva de trabajadores turísticos [Trabajo Final de Grado]. Universidad de Vigo.
Ramón, J. (2012). Actitudes de los Residentes hacia el Turismo en Destinos Turísticos Consolidados: El Caso de Ibiza [Tesis Doctoral]. Universitat de les Illes Balears.
Ramón, J. (2016a). Innovaciones tecnológicas en la atención al cliente: Ushuaïa Ibiza Beach Hotel y Hard Rock Hotel Ibiza. International Journal of Information Systems and Tourism, 1(1), 26-35.
Ramón, J. (2016b). Moda Adlib: de los hippies a los turistas. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(4), 177-206.
Ramón, J. (2017a). Consolidación de Ibiza como destino turístico (finales del siglo XX).
Gran Tour: Revista de Investigaciones Turísticas, 16, 43-62.
Ramón, J. (2017b). La Guerra Civil Española y la implicación de los residentes en el turismo:
El caso de Ibiza. Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo (RITUR), 7(2), 86-104.
Ramón, J. (2019). Reflexiones sobre el turismo de ocio nocturno de Ibiza. Journal of
Tourism and Heritage Research, 2(4), 33-51.
Ramón, J., & Ramón, M. I. (2016). Arte de vanguardia en la Ibiza turística. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(2), 353-372.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2013a). Historia social del desarrollo turístico en Ibiza (décadas de 1960 y 1970). Análisis desde perspectivas historiográficas. Investigaciones Turísticas, 5, 86-109.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2013b). Simbiosis entre realidad e imagen en un destino turístico. Hologramática, 18(2), 3-22.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2013c). Tolerancia y desarrollo turístico: Sant Antoni en los años cincuenta. CULTUR: Revista de Cultura e Turismo, 7(2), 132-156.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2014a). Elementos de la contracultura de los años sesenta en la oferta
turística de un destino maduro. Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo (RITUR), 4(1), 110-124.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2014b). Historia del turismo en Ibiza: Aplicación del Ciclo de Vida del Destino Turístico en un destino maduro del Mediterráneo. PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 12(4), 899-913.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2014c). Inicios del turismo y actitudes de los residentes: El caso de Ibiza (España). Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 23(1), 1-22.
Ramón, J., & Serra, A. (2017). Posguerra e implicación de los residentes en Ibiza. Gestión Turística, 28, 8-30.
Ramón, J., Azpelicueta, M. C., & Serra, A. (2015a). “Ibiza, Biodiversidad y Cultura”: Evolución y potencial turístico de un emplazamiento Patrimonio Mundial. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 1(1), 109-133.
Ramón, J., Azpelicueta, M. C., & Serra, A. (2015b). Ibiza Nightlife: Descripción de un referente mundial en su sector. REDMARKA: Revista Digital de Marketing Aplicado, 15(1), 101-139.
Ramón, J., Peng, X., & Sánchez, M. D. (2017). Atractivos culturales para una diversificación del turismo en Ibiza. Tourism and Hospitality International Journal, 8(2), 93-113.
Sánchez, M. D., & Ramón, J. (2017). Gestión de la innovación turística basada en los eventos
musicales: El caso de Ibiza. Revista en Administración de la Innovación Tecnológica, Económica y Sustentable (RAITES), 3(7), 30-48.
Serra, A., & Ramón, J. (2017). Host community resignation to nightclub tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(6), 566-579.
Tomillero, E. & Ramón, J. (2020). Promoción institucional de la marca turística “Ibiza”. Gran Tour: Revista de Investigaciones Turísticas, 21, 164-184.
Torres, E. M., Álvarez, M., Moreno, V. E., Cardona, B., & Ramón, J. (2018). El marketing en el turismo náutico: el chárter de recreo en Ibiza. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 4(2), 521-537.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1.The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms: Tourism Research Association (the publisher) preserves the patrimonial rights (copyright) of the published works, and favors and allows the reuse of them under the license of use indicated in point 2.
© Investur, 2017
2.The works are published in the electronic edition of the magazine under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative 3.0 Spain (legal text) license. They can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work) are cited; ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license are mentioned.
3. Self-file conditions. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate electronically the pre-print versions (version before being evaluated) and / or post-print (version evaluated and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, since it favors their circulation and earlier dissemination and with it a possible increase in its citation and scope among the academic community.
