MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL DESTINATIONS IN PANDEMIC TIMES: FAILURES AND LESSONS
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic not only affected people's health but also severely damaged the economy of millions of families worldwide and, most likely, will lead to the modification of various patterns of human behavior. The inherent condition of tourism as an activity that depends on the mobility of people brought with it large-scale impacts on tourism activity, such as an estimated decrease of 2.6 billion international tourist arrivals in the world, compared to 2019. For various reasons, notably the lack of restrictions on the entry of people into the country, Mexico has had a faster tourism recovery than the rest of the world. However, the tourist destinations with the best behavior in the reactivation are not cultural destinations. In this work, this support is documented, and it is explored in this regard, among which there is a lower existence of large companies, which limits the response capacities; weak management structures and tourist promotion of the destinations; greater dependence on the domestic market; as well as limited recognition by local authorities of the importance of tourism among others. For the research development, public databases were used with information on the statistical indicators of the destinations and interviews with key informants.
References
Cabrera, L. R. (2022). La trayectoria del turismo de interior en México. Desde El Sur, 14(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1403-2022-0042
Clancy, M. (2001). Mexican Tourism: Export Growth and Structural Change since 1970. Latin American Research Review, 36(1), 128–150. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2692077
Datatur. (2023). Reporte personalizado de los Centros Turísticos DataTur. https://www.datatur.sectur.gob.mx/SitePages/ActividadHotelera.aspx
Espinosa-Coria, H. (2013). El origen del proyecto turístico Cancún, México. Una valoración de sus objetivos iniciales a 42 años de su nacimiento. LiminaR. Estudios Sociales y Humanísticos, XI(1), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.29043/liminar.v11i1.27
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Inegi. (2023a). Cuenta Satélite del Turismo. https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/turismosat/
Inegi. (2023b). Indicador Trimestral de la Actividad Turística (ITAT). https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/itat/
Inegi. (2023c). Encuesta de Viajeros Internacionales (EVI). https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/turismo/
IMSS. (2022). Puestos de trabajo registrados por los patrones en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. http://datos.imss.gob.mx/dataset/asg-2022
INAH. (2023). Visitantes a Museos y Zonas Arqueológicas abiertas al público. https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/visitantes-a-museos-y-zonas-arqueologicas-abiertas-al-publico
Madrid, F. (2020). Turismo interno motor de la economía del país. Cicotur Universidad Anáhuac. https://www.anahuac.mx/mexico/cicotur/sites/default/files/2020-12/25_Turismo_interno_ANCH.pdf
Madrid, F. (2023). El turismo mexicano: recuperación y los nuevos retos de 2023. https://www.anahuac.mx/mexico/cicotur/publicaciones
Rivera, R. y Peralta, A. (2016). Turismo cultural en México. Universidad Anáhuac. https://www.anahuac.mx/mexico/EscuelasyFacultades/turismo/sites/default/files/inline-files/Reporte04TurCultural.pdf
Secretaría de Turismo. (2023). El PIB turístico estatal y municipal 2018-2019. https://www.datatur.sectur.gob.mx/SitePages/PibTuristicoEstatalMunicipal.aspx
Unesco (2022). Elementos en las listas del patrimonio cultural inmaterial. https://ich.unesco.org/es/estado/mxico-MX?info=elementos-en-las-listas
Unesco (2023). World Heritage List Statistics. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/stat
Unwto. (2023). Barómetro OMT del Turismo Mundial (Vol. 21, Issue 1). Madrid, Unwto.
Unwto. (2020). COVID-19 Related Travel Restrictions. A Global Review for Tourism. Madrid, Unwto. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-04/TravelRestrictions_0.pdf
UPM y Datatur. (2023). Entradas aéreas de visitantes extranjeros por país de residencia y aeropuerto. http://www.datatur.sectur.gob.mx/SitePages/Visitantes%20por%20Residencia.aspx
Wilks, J., & Moore, S. (2004). Tourism Risk Management for the Asia Pacific Region. Commonwealth of Australia, APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism. https://www.apec.org/docs/default-source/Publications/2004/12/Tourism-Risk-Management-for-the-Asia-Pacific-Region-An-Authoritative-Guide-for-Managing-Crisis-and-D/04_twg_risk__management_report.pdf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1.The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms: Tourism Research Association (the publisher) preserves the patrimonial rights (copyright) of the published works, and favors and allows the reuse of them under the license of use indicated in point 2.
© Investur, 2017
2.The works are published in the electronic edition of the magazine under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative 3.0 Spain (legal text) license. They can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work) are cited; ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license are mentioned.
3. Self-file conditions. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate electronically the pre-print versions (version before being evaluated) and / or post-print (version evaluated and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, since it favors their circulation and earlier dissemination and with it a possible increase in its citation and scope among the academic community.
