Evaluation of the socio-environmental and tourist factors of the Cajas Ecuador national
Abstract
This work aims to carry out a territorial, socio-environmental and tourist analysis of the Cajas National Park, Cuenca Ecuador. The research is exploratory-descriptive, with a mixed approach. First, the study area was characterized by means of a bibliographic review, then technical visits were made applying observation and management effectiveness evaluation, for this the interview technique applied to managers and local actors was used; Through field trips, the territory was georeferenced, using GPS equipment with the support of ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.5 software. The tool "multitemporal satellite land use study" was applied using two landsat 5 and 8 images with 30m resolution taken in August 1998 and September 2018. It was observed that the Management Plan is implemented by 80%, 100% of what is established in the Annual Operating Plan is also executed. 60% of the visitors are foreigners and 40% nationals. It is the only park administered by a Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government. It can be noted that as bodies of water there are 75,880 hectares corresponding to 49.67% of the area protected.
References
Azizan Marzuki, Tarmiji Masron & Norhashimah Ismail. (2015). Land use changes analysis for Pantai Chenang, Langkawi using spatial patch analysis technique in relation to coastal tourism, Tourism Planning & Development, 13(2), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1076507.
Brown, G., Raymond, C. M., & Corcoran, J. (2015). Mapping and measuring place attachment. Applied Geography, 57, 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.12.011
Carrillo. (2006). Caminos y sitios arqueológicos en el Parque Nacional Cajas. Universidad del Azuay Decanato General de Investigaciones. Pp. 3 -30. https://biblioteca.uazuay.edu.ec/buscar/item/2317.
ETAPA EP. (2015). Informe de Gestión Parque Nacional Cajas Enero - diciembre 2015. Cuenca, Ecuador. https://www.etapa.net.ec/Portals/0/TRANSPARENCIA/Literal-m/Informe%20de%20Labores%20para%20Muncipio%20.pdf?ver=2019-10-14-174539-367×tamp=1571093305660.
Gibbs y Salmon. (2015). Mapping the world's degraded lands. Applied Geography 57 12e21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.024.
Hall, C., & Page, S. (2014). The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place and Space. New York, NY: Routledge.
Heffernan, E., Heffernan, T., & Pan, W. (2014). The relationship between the quality of active frontages and public perceptions of public spaces. Urban Design International, 19(1), 92–102. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/udi.2013.16.
MAE y MAGAP. (2013). Mapa de cobertura y uso de la tierra del Ecuador continental, escala 1:100.000. 1–49. Retrieved from http://mapainteractivo.ambiente.gob.ec/.
Malek M. Jamaliah & Robert B. Powell (2017): Ecotourism resilience to climate change in Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan, Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1360893.
Mansour, S., Al-Awhadi, T., & Al-Hatrushi, S. (2019). Geospatial based multi-criteria analysis for ecotourism land suitability using GIS & AHP: a case study of Masirah Island, Oman. Journal of Ecotourism, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2019.1663202.
Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador MAE (2015 d). Datos de bosques, ecosistemas, especies, carbono y deforestación del Ecuador continental. Estadísticas de Patrimonio Natural., 20.
Ministerio del Ambiente Ecuador. MAE (2013 c). Evaluación de la Efectividad de Manejo del Parque Nacional Cajas. Quito, Ecuador.
Ministerio del Ambiente Ecuador. MAE (2014 b). Evaluación de Efectividad de Manejo del Patrimonio de Áreas Naturales. Ecuador. MAE.
Ministerio del Ambiente Ecuador. MAE. (2018a). Actualización Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional El Cajas. Ecuador INSIGMA Cía. Ltda.
Moore, A., Johnson, M., Gbolagun, J., Miller, A., Rombouts, A., van der Ven, L Hall, G. B. (2018). Integrating agroecology and sustainable tourism: applying geodesign to farm management in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1484751.
Nino, K., Mamo, Y., Mengesha, G., & Kibret, K. S. (2017). GIS based ecotourism potential assessment in Munessa Shashemene Concession Forest and its surrounding area, Ethiopia. Applied Geography, 82, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.02.010.
Novotný. (2017). Spatial-temporal changes in trees outside forests: Case study from the Czech Republic 1953–2014. Applied Geography. Volume 87, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.07.005.
Orgaz Agüera, Francisco. (2014). El Ecoturismo en los Humedales: Análisis de las Potencialidades de República Dominicana. Rosa dos Ventos [en linea], 6 (Enero-Marzo) : [Fecha de consulta: 4 de febrero de 2018] Disponible en:
Powell, R. A., & Mitchell, M. S. (2012). What is a home range? Journal of Mammalogy, 93(4), 948e958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.005.
Price, Blacketer, Brownlee. (2018). The influence of place attachment on campers’ evaluations of ecological impacts due to recreation use. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 30 (21) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.11.001.
Ray, D. K., Mueller, N. D.,West, P. C., & Foley, J. A. (2013). Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050. PloS One, 8(6). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066428.
Reyes Palacios, Alejandra Cecilia, Jose Luis Torres Acosta, Liz Farleidy Villarraga Florez, y Maria Constanza Meza Elizalde. (2017). “Valoración del paisaje y evaluación del potencial interpretativo como herramienta para el turismo sostenible en el Ecoparque Las Monjas (La Mesa, Cundinamarca).” Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografia 26 (2):177-194 http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rcdg/v26n2/0121-215X-rcdg-26-02-00177.pdf.
Secretaría de la Convención Ramsar. (2016). An Introduction to the Convention on Wetlands. Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
SENPLADES- Subsecretaría de Información. (2013). Tasa de deforestación. Ec. sni.gob.ec.
Soszyński, D., Sowińska-Świerkosz, B., Stokowski, P. A., & Tucki, A. (2017). Spatial arrangements of tourist villages: implications for the integration of residents and tourists. Tourism Geographies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1387808.
Strzelecka, Marcin Rechciński & Małgorzata Grodzińska-Jurczak. (2017): Using PP GIS interviews to understand residents’ perspective of European ecological network Natura 2000, Tourism Geographies, 20 (5), 770-790. DOI:10.1080/14616688.2017.1377284 .
Thomas E. Jones, Huong T. Bui & Katsuhiro Ando. (2020). Zoning for world heritage sites: dual dilemmas in development and demographics, Tourism Geographies. Jones, T. E., Bui, H. T., & Ando, K. (2020). Zoning for world heritage sites: dual dilemmas in development and demographics. Tourism Geographies, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1780631.
Thompson, B. S., Gillen, J., & Friess, D. A. (2017). Challenging the principles of ecotourism: insights from entrepreneurs on environmental and economic sustainability in Langkawi, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(2), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1343338.
Tischer, V. (2015). Evaluación socioambiental. (En Línea). Revista Sciencedirect. Vol (un). Pag 53 - 66. Formato. PDF. Consultado, 28 de diciembre. 2018. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188461115300066.
USGS. (2019). (centro Geológico de los Estados Unidos) https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/.
Wells, Smith, Taheri, Manika, McCowlen (2016). An exploration of CSR development in heritage Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 58 (1) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.01.007.
Williams, D. R. (2014). Making sense of “place”: reflections on pluralism and positionality in place research. Landscape and Urban Planning, 131, 74e82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.002.
Yánez, P. (2016). Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas del Ecuador: características y problemática general. Qualitas 11: pp. 41-55. ISSN: 1390-6569.
Zhijun, M.; Yinting, C.; Bo, L.; Jiakuan, C. (2010). Managing Wetland Habitats for Waterbirds: An Inter¬national Perspective. Wetlands, 30, 15–27. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13157-009-0001-6.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1.The works published in this magazine are subject to the following terms: Tourism Research Association (the publisher) preserves the patrimonial rights (copyright) of the published works, and favors and allows the reuse of them under the license of use indicated in point 2.
© Investur, 2017
2.The works are published in the electronic edition of the magazine under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative 3.0 Spain (legal text) license. They can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work) are cited; ii) are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license are mentioned.
3. Self-file conditions. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate electronically the pre-print versions (version before being evaluated) and / or post-print (version evaluated and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, since it favors their circulation and earlier dissemination and with it a possible increase in its citation and scope among the academic community.
