Dark tourism: the case of La Modelo of Barcelona (Spain)”
Keywords:
dark tourism, knowledge tourism, recognition tourism, memory tourism, La Modelo
Abstract
The phenomenon of visits to the territory for knowledge or recognition, especially focused on memorial sites, is gaining prominence in the tourism sector, which translates into the emergence of numerous companies that market products focused on memorial sites dedicated to local citizens and, increasingly, to other profiles. The baby boomer generation is a consumer of this type of products and services. This research, a case study, analyses the former Barcelona La Modelo prison, as a local resource and as an example of a new trend in tourism: dark tourism. Using quantitative techniques (survey) and qualitative techniques (in-depth interviews), it is observed that La Modelo is known thanks to friends or family, that visits prioritise interest in history or memory and are valued more if they are guided, and that the signage and information are satisfactory. It is concluded that the majority of visitors (guided or independent) admitted that the visit had helped them to change their view of prisons and the inmate population
References
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Austin, N. K. (2002). Managing heritage attractions: Marketing challenges at sensitive historical sites. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4(6), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.403
Bericat, E. (1998) La integración de los métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo en la investigación social: Significado y medida. Ariel.
Bidon, T., Huber, A. (2019) Les lieux de mémoire en France comme hauts lieux d’un tourisme de mémoire. Synergies Pays germanophones, (12), 63-73.
Bristow, R. S., y Newman, M. (2005). Myth vs. fact: An exploration of fright tourism. En K. Bricker, y S. J. Millington (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2004 northeastern recreation research symposium (215-221). USDA Forest Service. Northeastern Research Station General Technical Report NE-326.
Brown, L. (2014). Memorials to the victims of Nazism: The impact on tourists in Berlin. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 13(3), 244-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2014.946423
Calderón, V. (2020). Turismo dark: la muerte como nuevo negocio turístico en España. Revista Internacional de Turismo, Empresa y Territorio, 4(2), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.21071/riturem.v4i2.12865
Carrasco, M. J., Padilla, A. y Melgar, S. (2015). Dark Tourism como innovación en Producto Turístico. Concepto y Casos de Estudio. Estudios Turísticos, 205, 95-118. https://doi.org/10.61520/et.2052015.1189
Carrigan, A. (2014). Dark tourism and postcolonial studies: Critical intersections. Postcolonial Studies, 17(3), 236-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2014.993425
Centre Cultural La Model (2024). La Model. https://www.lamodel.barcelona/ca
Da Silva, M., Bougon, L. (2013). Le tourisme de mémoire. Un enjeu cívique, pédagogique, économique et cultural pour la France. Cahier Espaces, 313, 48-51.
Dunkley, R. A. (2007). Re-peopling tourism: A “hot approach” to studying thanatourist experiences. En I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, y N. Morgan (Eds.) The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies (371-385). Elsevier.
Dunkley, R. A., Morgan, N., y Westwood, S. (2007). A shot in the dark? Developing a new conceptual framework for thanatourism. Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1), 54-63.
Foley, M. y Lennon, J. (1996a). Editorial: Heart of Darkness. Journal of International Heritage Studies, 2(2), 195-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722174
Foley, M., Lennon, J. (1996b). JFK and Dark Tourism: a fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722175
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F. (2010). El cloud journalism: un nuevo concepto de producción para el periodismo del siglo XXI. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 4(1), 19-35.
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F. (2013). Periodismo ciudadano y cloud journalism: un flujo necesario en la Sociedad de la Banda Ancha. Comunicación y Hombre, 9, 25-41. https://doi.org/10.32466/eufv-cyh.2013.9.163.25-41
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F.; Del Olmo-Arriaga, J.-L. (2013). El Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Guía metodológica. Ediciones Internacionales Universitarias.
Gassiot, A., Prats, L., Coromina, L. (2016). The perceived value of accessibility in religious sites–do disabled and non-disabled travellers behave differently? Tourism Review,71 (2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2015-0057
González, V. (2021) Uso y abuso del turismo oscuro como paradigma. ¿Un concepto saturado? Revista PH (Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico), 105, 176-178. https://doi.org/10.33349/2022.105.5033
González, D. (2016). La patrimonialización de la memoria histórica: entre el deber social y la estrategia turística. Apuntes sobre el caso catalán. Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(5), 1267-1280. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.085
González, D., Mundet, L. (2018). Lugares de memoria traumática y turismo: paradigmas analíticos y problemáticas. Investigaciones Turísticas, (16), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2018.16.06
Gutiérrez, O., Gassiot, A., Alabart, J. (2021). Uso, aceptación y repercusión de las redes sociales y los influencers en el sector ecuestre. Doxa Comunicación, 32, 115-142. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n32a6
Hartmann, R. (2014) Dark tourism, thanatourism and dissonance in heritage tourism management: New directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9 (2), 166-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2013.807266
Hernández Cardona, F. X., Rojo-Ariza, M. C. (2011). Museïtzació de conflictes contemporanis: El cas de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Ebre 38: revista internacional de la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939, 6, 131-57.
Laws, C. (2013). Pagan tourism and the management of ancient sites in Cornwall. En L. White, y E. Frew (Eds.), Dark tourism and place identity: Managing and interpreting dark places (97-114). Routledge.
Lawther, C., Killean, R., Dempster, L. (2021). Making (In?) Visible: Selectivity, Visibility and Authenticity in Cambodia’s Sites of Atrocity. Journal of Genocide Research, 23 (4), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1950284
Lennon, J. J., Foley, M. (1999). Interpretation of the unimaginable: The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., and “dark tourism”. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759903800110
Lennon, J. (2017). Dark Tourism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Lennon, J., Foley, M. (1999). Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster .Continuum.
Lennon, J., Tiberghien, G. (2021). Ambiguity and dilution in Kazakhstan’s Gulag heritage. Tourism Recreation Research, 46, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1875681
Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.011
Logan, W., Reeves, K. (2009) Introduction: remembering places of pain and shame. En Logan, W. y Reeves, K. (eds.). Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with “Difficult Heritage”. Routledge.
Mansfeld, Y., Korman, T. (2015). Between war and peace: Conflict heritage tourism along three Israeli border areas. Tourism Geographies, 17(3), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1036916
Mantei, C. (Dir.) (2012). Le tourisme de mémoire en France: mesure et analyse du poids et des retombées economiques et de la filière. Atout France.
Martini, A., Buda, D. M. (2018). Dark tourism and affect: framing places of death and disaster. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(6), 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1518972
McEvoy, E. (2016). Gothic tourism. Palgrave.
Mccorkel, J., Dalcortivo, A (2018). Prison Tourism in the era of mass incarceration. American Sociological Association. Contexts. 17 (3), 63-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504218792533
Miller, D. S., Gonzalez, C. (2013). When death is the destination: The business of death tourism - despite legal and social implications. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0042
Navajas, O., González, J. (2017). Turismo en espacios de conflicto. Análisis de la puesta en valor del patrimonio de la Guerra Civil Española en la Comunidad de Madrid. Methaodos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 5(1), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.17502/m.rcs.v5i1.160
Neuraska, E (2013). Auswitch Park. Herejía y belleza: Revista de estudios culturales sobre el movimiento gótico, 1, 283-302.
Nora, P. (1984). Entre Memoria e Historia: La problemática de los lugares. En P. Nora (Dir.) Les Lieux de mémoire; 1: La République (17-49). Gallimard.
Ortiz García, C., Martínez Zauner, M. (2014) La cárcel de Carabanchel. Lugar de memoria y memorias del lugar. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales, 493(02), 1-19.
Piernas, G. (2014). Les pèlerinages dans les régions dévastées du nord de la France organisés par la Compagnie du chemin de fer du Nord au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. Situ, 25. https://doi.org/10.4000/insitu.11420
Podoshen, J. S., Andrzejewski, S. A., Venkatesh, V., Wallin, J. (2015). New approaches to dark tourism inquiry: A response to Isaac. Tourism Management, 51, 331-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.05.008
Rami Khalil, I., Erdinç, C. (2013). Understanding visitor’s motivation at sites of death and disaster: the case of former transit camp Westerbork, the Netherlands. Current Issues in Tourism, 17, 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.776021
Robb, E. (2009). Violence and recreation: Vacationing in the realm of dark tourism. Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1409.2009.01023.x
Robbie, D. (2008). Touring Katrina: Authentic identities and disaster tourism in New Orleans. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 3(4), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/17438730802366557
Rolfes, M. (2010). Poverty tourism: Theoretical reflections and empirical findings regarding an extraordinary form of tourism. Geojournal, 75(5), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-009-9311-8
Seaton, A. (1996). Guided by the dark: from thanatopsis to thanatourism. Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722178
Seaton, A. (1999). War and Thanatourism: Waterloo 1815-1914. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1), 130-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00057-7
Seaton, A., Lennon, J. (2004). Moral panics, ulterior motives and alterior desires: Thanatourism in the early 21st century. En T. Singh (Ed.), New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (63-82). CABI Publishing.
Seaton, Av (2009). Thanatourism and its discontents: An appraisal of a decade’s work with some future issues and directions. T. Jamal, M. Robinson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of tourism studies, Sage, 521-542.
Slade, P. (2003). Gallipoli Thanatourism: The meaning of ANZAC. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00025-2
Stone, P. (2005). Dark Tourism Consumption – A call for research. e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 3 (5), 109-117.
Stone, P. (2006). A dark tourism spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions. Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 52 (2), 145-160.
Strange, C., Kempa, M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00102-0
Tarlow, P. (2005). Dark Tourism: the appealing “dark” side of tourism and more. En M. Novelli (Ed.), Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases (47-57). Elsevier.
Varillas Lima, J. C. (2018). La transformación de las cárceles históricas mexicanas de centros penitenciarios a centros turísticos, espacios culturales y cívicos. Revista de Historia de las Prisiones, 6, 124-137.
Welch, M. (2012). Penal tourism and the “dream of order”: Exhibiting early penology in Argentina and Australia. Punishment & Society: The International Journal of Penology, 14(5) 584-615. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474512463998
Welch, M., Macuare, M. (2011). Penal tourism in Argentina: Bridging Foucauldian and neo-Durkheimian perspectives. Theoretical Criminology, 15(4), 401-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480610391354
Welch, M. (2013) Penal Tourism and A Tale of Four Cities: Reflecting on the Museum Effect in London, Sydney, Melbourne, and Buenos Aires. Criminology and Criminal Justice: An International Journal, 13(5): 479-505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812474660
Ashworth, G. (2012). Holocaust Tourism: the experience of Krakow-Kazimierz. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 11 (4), 363-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382040208667504
Austin, N. K. (2002). Managing heritage attractions: Marketing challenges at sensitive historical sites. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4(6), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.403
Bericat, E. (1998) La integración de los métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo en la investigación social: Significado y medida. Ariel.
Bidon, T., Huber, A. (2019) Les lieux de mémoire en France comme hauts lieux d’un tourisme de mémoire. Synergies Pays germanophones, (12), 63-73.
Bristow, R. S., y Newman, M. (2005). Myth vs. fact: An exploration of fright tourism. En K. Bricker, y S. J. Millington (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2004 northeastern recreation research symposium (215-221). USDA Forest Service. Northeastern Research Station General Technical Report NE-326.
Brown, L. (2014). Memorials to the victims of Nazism: The impact on tourists in Berlin. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 13(3), 244-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2014.946423
Calderón, V. (2020). Turismo dark: la muerte como nuevo negocio turístico en España. Revista Internacional de Turismo, Empresa y Territorio, 4(2), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.21071/riturem.v4i2.12865
Carrasco, M. J., Padilla, A. y Melgar, S. (2015). Dark Tourism como innovación en Producto Turístico. Concepto y Casos de Estudio. Estudios Turísticos, 205, 95-118. https://doi.org/10.61520/et.2052015.1189
Carrigan, A. (2014). Dark tourism and postcolonial studies: Critical intersections. Postcolonial Studies, 17(3), 236-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2014.993425
Centre Cultural La Model (2024). La Model. https://www.lamodel.barcelona/ca
Da Silva, M., Bougon, L. (2013). Le tourisme de mémoire. Un enjeu cívique, pédagogique, économique et cultural pour la France. Cahier Espaces, 313, 48-51.
Dunkley, R. A. (2007). Re-peopling tourism: A “hot approach” to studying thanatourist experiences. En I. Ateljevic, A. Pritchard, y N. Morgan (Eds.) The critical turn in tourism studies: Innovative research methodologies (371-385). Elsevier.
Dunkley, R. A., Morgan, N., y Westwood, S. (2007). A shot in the dark? Developing a new conceptual framework for thanatourism. Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1), 54-63.
Foley, M. y Lennon, J. (1996a). Editorial: Heart of Darkness. Journal of International Heritage Studies, 2(2), 195-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722174
Foley, M., Lennon, J. (1996b). JFK and Dark Tourism: a fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2 (4), 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722175
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F. (2010). El cloud journalism: un nuevo concepto de producción para el periodismo del siglo XXI. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 4(1), 19-35.
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F. (2013). Periodismo ciudadano y cloud journalism: un flujo necesario en la Sociedad de la Banda Ancha. Comunicación y Hombre, 9, 25-41. https://doi.org/10.32466/eufv-cyh.2013.9.163.25-41
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F.; Del Olmo-Arriaga, J.-L. (2013). El Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Guía metodológica. Ediciones Internacionales Universitarias.
Gassiot, A., Prats, L., Coromina, L. (2016). The perceived value of accessibility in religious sites–do disabled and non-disabled travellers behave differently? Tourism Review,71 (2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2015-0057
González, V. (2021) Uso y abuso del turismo oscuro como paradigma. ¿Un concepto saturado? Revista PH (Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico), 105, 176-178. https://doi.org/10.33349/2022.105.5033
González, D. (2016). La patrimonialización de la memoria histórica: entre el deber social y la estrategia turística. Apuntes sobre el caso catalán. Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(5), 1267-1280. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.085
González, D., Mundet, L. (2018). Lugares de memoria traumática y turismo: paradigmas analíticos y problemáticas. Investigaciones Turísticas, (16), 108-126. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2018.16.06
Gutiérrez, O., Gassiot, A., Alabart, J. (2021). Uso, aceptación y repercusión de las redes sociales y los influencers en el sector ecuestre. Doxa Comunicación, 32, 115-142. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n32a6
Hartmann, R. (2014) Dark tourism, thanatourism and dissonance in heritage tourism management: New directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9 (2), 166-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2013.807266
Hernández Cardona, F. X., Rojo-Ariza, M. C. (2011). Museïtzació de conflictes contemporanis: El cas de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Ebre 38: revista internacional de la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939, 6, 131-57.
Laws, C. (2013). Pagan tourism and the management of ancient sites in Cornwall. En L. White, y E. Frew (Eds.), Dark tourism and place identity: Managing and interpreting dark places (97-114). Routledge.
Lawther, C., Killean, R., Dempster, L. (2021). Making (In?) Visible: Selectivity, Visibility and Authenticity in Cambodia’s Sites of Atrocity. Journal of Genocide Research, 23 (4), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1950284
Lennon, J. J., Foley, M. (1999). Interpretation of the unimaginable: The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., and “dark tourism”. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759903800110
Lennon, J. (2017). Dark Tourism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Lennon, J., Foley, M. (1999). Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster .Continuum.
Lennon, J., Tiberghien, G. (2021). Ambiguity and dilution in Kazakhstan’s Gulag heritage. Tourism Recreation Research, 46, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1875681
Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.011
Logan, W., Reeves, K. (2009) Introduction: remembering places of pain and shame. En Logan, W. y Reeves, K. (eds.). Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with “Difficult Heritage”. Routledge.
Mansfeld, Y., Korman, T. (2015). Between war and peace: Conflict heritage tourism along three Israeli border areas. Tourism Geographies, 17(3), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1036916
Mantei, C. (Dir.) (2012). Le tourisme de mémoire en France: mesure et analyse du poids et des retombées economiques et de la filière. Atout France.
Martini, A., Buda, D. M. (2018). Dark tourism and affect: framing places of death and disaster. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(6), 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1518972
McEvoy, E. (2016). Gothic tourism. Palgrave.
Mccorkel, J., Dalcortivo, A (2018). Prison Tourism in the era of mass incarceration. American Sociological Association. Contexts. 17 (3), 63-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504218792533
Miller, D. S., Gonzalez, C. (2013). When death is the destination: The business of death tourism - despite legal and social implications. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0042
Navajas, O., González, J. (2017). Turismo en espacios de conflicto. Análisis de la puesta en valor del patrimonio de la Guerra Civil Española en la Comunidad de Madrid. Methaodos. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 5(1), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.17502/m.rcs.v5i1.160
Neuraska, E (2013). Auswitch Park. Herejía y belleza: Revista de estudios culturales sobre el movimiento gótico, 1, 283-302.
Nora, P. (1984). Entre Memoria e Historia: La problemática de los lugares. En P. Nora (Dir.) Les Lieux de mémoire; 1: La République (17-49). Gallimard.
Ortiz García, C., Martínez Zauner, M. (2014) La cárcel de Carabanchel. Lugar de memoria y memorias del lugar. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales, 493(02), 1-19.
Piernas, G. (2014). Les pèlerinages dans les régions dévastées du nord de la France organisés par la Compagnie du chemin de fer du Nord au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. Situ, 25. https://doi.org/10.4000/insitu.11420
Podoshen, J. S., Andrzejewski, S. A., Venkatesh, V., Wallin, J. (2015). New approaches to dark tourism inquiry: A response to Isaac. Tourism Management, 51, 331-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.05.008
Rami Khalil, I., Erdinç, C. (2013). Understanding visitor’s motivation at sites of death and disaster: the case of former transit camp Westerbork, the Netherlands. Current Issues in Tourism, 17, 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.776021
Robb, E. (2009). Violence and recreation: Vacationing in the realm of dark tourism. Anthropology and Humanism, 34(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1409.2009.01023.x
Robbie, D. (2008). Touring Katrina: Authentic identities and disaster tourism in New Orleans. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 3(4), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/17438730802366557
Rolfes, M. (2010). Poverty tourism: Theoretical reflections and empirical findings regarding an extraordinary form of tourism. Geojournal, 75(5), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-009-9311-8
Seaton, A. (1996). Guided by the dark: from thanatopsis to thanatourism. Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722178
Seaton, A. (1999). War and Thanatourism: Waterloo 1815-1914. Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (1), 130-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00057-7
Seaton, A., Lennon, J. (2004). Moral panics, ulterior motives and alterior desires: Thanatourism in the early 21st century. En T. Singh (Ed.), New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices (63-82). CABI Publishing.
Seaton, Av (2009). Thanatourism and its discontents: An appraisal of a decade’s work with some future issues and directions. T. Jamal, M. Robinson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of tourism studies, Sage, 521-542.
Slade, P. (2003). Gallipoli Thanatourism: The meaning of ANZAC. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00025-2
Stone, P. (2005). Dark Tourism Consumption – A call for research. e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 3 (5), 109-117.
Stone, P. (2006). A dark tourism spectrum: Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions. Tourism: An Interdisciplinary International Journal, 52 (2), 145-160.
Strange, C., Kempa, M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00102-0
Tarlow, P. (2005). Dark Tourism: the appealing “dark” side of tourism and more. En M. Novelli (Ed.), Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases (47-57). Elsevier.
Varillas Lima, J. C. (2018). La transformación de las cárceles históricas mexicanas de centros penitenciarios a centros turísticos, espacios culturales y cívicos. Revista de Historia de las Prisiones, 6, 124-137.
Welch, M. (2012). Penal tourism and the “dream of order”: Exhibiting early penology in Argentina and Australia. Punishment & Society: The International Journal of Penology, 14(5) 584-615. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474512463998
Welch, M., Macuare, M. (2011). Penal tourism in Argentina: Bridging Foucauldian and neo-Durkheimian perspectives. Theoretical Criminology, 15(4), 401-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480610391354
Welch, M. (2013) Penal Tourism and A Tale of Four Cities: Reflecting on the Museum Effect in London, Sydney, Melbourne, and Buenos Aires. Criminology and Criminal Justice: An International Journal, 13(5): 479-505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812474660
Published
2025-04-29
How to Cite
Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F., Puiggròs, E., & Buj, A. (2025, April 29). Dark tourism: the case of La Modelo of Barcelona (Spain)”. Journal of Tourism and Heritage Research, 8(2), 1-17. Retrieved from http://jthr.es/index.php/journal/article/view/650
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